Knee Replacement

Definition: Knee arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that replaces the damaged knee joint with a metal implant. The procedure is usually used on a severely damaged knee joint that is deformed due to osteoarthritis or other rheumatoid diseases.

How does it work?

The surgery consists of exposing the joint by detaching the muscles from it, so that the lower part of the femoral bone (thigh bone) and the upper part of the tibial bone (shinbone) are visible. These bone parts are then accurately cut to shape and then, the metal components of the implant are impacted onto the bone or fixated with polymethylmethacrylate cement. There can be several options to undergo this procedure, such as:

• Partial knee replacement - only the medial (inside) part of the knee is replaced with an implant;
• Total knee replacement - all the three compartments (medial, lateral and patellofemoral - the joint between the kneecap and the thigh bone) are replaced.

What are the risks?

• The more common risks are:
• Infection of the joint;
• Deep vein thrombosis;
• Nerve injuries;
• Prosthesis failure;
• Loss of motion.

How to get prepared for the procedure?

• The X-ray of the knee will indicate on the severity of the problem and meas
• ure the size of the prosthesis components;
• Lab tests for medical evaluation, common step before any type of surgery;The use of anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory medication should be ceased 2 weeks prior to surgery (to prevent bleeding).

How long does the procedure take?

Generally, the surgery lasts about 60-90 min, followed by 2-3 days of hospital stay. On the day of the surgery the operated leg will be fixated in a continuous passive motion machine and movements will be limited. On the second and third day the physical therapy and assisted walking will be initiated.

How to recover after the procedure?

Postoperative physical therapy is required for several weeks, including protected walking with crutches. The full recovery is accomplished after 10 months from the surgery followed with successful therapy and exercise.